Craniofacial reconstruction with high-density porous polyethylene implants.

Deformities of the facial skeleton may be reconstructed using autogenic or allogenic materials. Porous polyethylene is one of the few alloplastic materials currently in use having a well-documented history of reconstruction or augmentation in the maxillofacial region. High-density porous polyethylene, which is shown to be effective as a biomaterial, has additional advantages like tissue ingrowth, no capsule formation around it, and easy fixation. In this study, 83 implants in 71 patients were evaluated. Seven patients were in need of a second intervention. Three of the seven secondary interventions were for contour alignment, and four interventions were for extraction of the implants because of extrusion or infection. Placement of porous polyethylene implants directly under the skin without coverage of periosteum or another fascial envelope has an increased risk of early and especially late exposure. In cases like nasal dorsum or microtia reconstruction, we prefer autogenic grafts instead of allogenic materials.