Heart Transplantation after Univentricular Palliation: Improved Outcomes and Increased Complexity.

AIM: Heart transplantation (HT) in patients with failing univentricular circulation is often challenging. This is compounded by the ever-increasing number of patients with prior Norwood-type reconstruction of the aorta, large aortic root, and often dense adhesions from multiple prior operations. We aimed to elucidate differences in outcomes of HT in patients with prior univentricular palliations, with and without prior Norwood-type aortic arch reconstruction (ArchRec).

METHODS

All patients who underwent HT for failed univentricular palliation during the 1990-2022 period were included in the study.

RESULTS

Of 45 patients, 18 had undergone ArchRec. Hospital mortality improved in the recent era (17.4% before 2006 vs 0% after 2006; p=0.11), despite a higher proportion of patients with ArchRec (17.4% before 2006 vs 60.8% after 2006, p=0.002). Patients with ArchRec had a higher number of prior cardiac surgeries (4.1±1.5 vs 3.2±1.3, p=0.04), longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (320±23 vs 242±21 min, p=0.02), more concomitant arch reconstruction (33.3% vs 0%, p=0.02), greater need for post-HT extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (33.3% vs 3.7%; p=0.01) and longer hospital stay (37.1±30.5 days vs 23.6±11.8 days, p=0.04). Freedom from death or retransplantation for all patients was 91%, 73%, 67%, and 53% at 1, 5, 10, and 15-years, respectively. Prior ArchRec, Fontan procedure, and earlier eras were not risk factors for death.

CONCLUSIONS

The outcomes of HT after univentricular palliation have improved in recent times and low operative mortality can be achieved. Despite increased complexity, good similar outcomes can be achieved in patients with and without prior arch reconstruction regardless of the palliation stage.