Novel cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) mutations in patients with primary congenital glaucoma in France.

The CYP1B1 gene (GenBank: U56438), a member of the cytochrome P450 gene family, has been shown to be mutated in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), a rare but severely blinding form of glaucoma. Here, we have investigated CYP1B1 mutations in 31 unrelated French PCG patients. Mutations were found in 15 (48%) patients. Six of these mutations were novel. One, g.3979delA, caused a frameshift followed by a stop codon at residue 59. Two mutations, g.4547C>T (p.Q248X) and g.8167C>T (p.R444X), created a stop codon. Three other mutations, g.4499G>C (p.G232R), g.8033T>G (p.I399S), (p.N423Y), induced a significant amino acid change. Seven patients, who were of French descent, were compound heterozygotes. Six patients, whose families came from North Africa or from Portugal, carried a homozygous mutation reflecting their geographic origin. Intriguingly, one mutation, p.E229K, was present in heterozygous state in two unrelated patients. All together, these findings demonstrate the major role and the diversity of CYP1B1 mutations in French PCG patients.