Urologic emergencies.

Genitourinary emergencies are commonly seen in the emergency room, and the primary care physician plays a vital role in the initial evaluation and treatment of each. Although genitourinary trauma is rarely life threatening, it may be the cause of significant long-term morbidity. Key clinical indicators outlined in this article (eg, inability to urinate, gross hematuria) combined with judicious use of imaging help stage the injury and allow a safe and rational approach to treatment. The acute scrotum frequently presents a challenging problem to both the emergentologist and urologist. Although epididymitis may be managed nonoperatively, there should be no delay in exploring suspected testis torsion. The conditions of the penis outlined require urgent treatment to preserve potency (priapism) and restore normal function (eg, penile amputation). Acute urinary retention has a myriad of underlying etiologies, and treatment must be individualized. Urgent bladder decompression by urethral or suprapubic catheterization provides initial relief until urologic consultation is available.