Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960) · 2026
Decline zyxin and CALLY index as predictors of cardiovascular diseases in patients with T2DM.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Alhillawi Zainab Hussein Mohammed, Al Mushhdi Abd Ali Abd Al-Hussein Shalan, Jebur Sara Kareem, Pazhang Mohammad
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To find out if a CALLY index and zyxin can be used as new, easy-to-find, and low-cost biomarkers for finding and classifying T2DM people who are more likely to have heart problems like an AMI or stroke early on.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A total of 60 T2DM patients (30 male and 30 female), along with 30 healthy controls matched by age and BMI between patients and controls. Various biochemical and inflammatory markers were assessed using ELISA and colorimetric methods. Lipid profiles and atherogenic indices such as CALLY index, metabolic inflammatory index (MII), AIP, CRI-I, and CRI-II index were also calculated.
RESULTS: Results: Results revealed that T2DM patients had significantly higher glucose levels, dyslipidemia, atherogenic indices while decreased zyxin. There was a significant increase in CRP and MII but lymphocyte counts and CALLY index were reduced. Receiver operation characterization (ROC) curve analysis showed that zyxin and CALLY index were the most effective markers for diagnosing cardiovascular risk in T2DM.
CONCLUSION: Conclusions: T2DM is associated with significant cardiometabolic disturbances characterized by dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, immune imbalance, and structural protein alterations that increase cardiovascular risk. The significant elevation of MII in T2DM patients (p < 0.001), together with reduced zyxin and CALLY index levels, highlights enhanced metabolic and inflammatory stress contributing to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications. These findings support the potential use of MII, zyxin, and the CALLY index as simple and cost-effective biomarkers for early cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with T2DM.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A total of 60 T2DM patients (30 male and 30 female), along with 30 healthy controls matched by age and BMI between patients and controls. Various biochemical and inflammatory markers were assessed using ELISA and colorimetric methods. Lipid profiles and atherogenic indices such as CALLY index, metabolic inflammatory index (MII), AIP, CRI-I, and CRI-II index were also calculated.
RESULTS: Results: Results revealed that T2DM patients had significantly higher glucose levels, dyslipidemia, atherogenic indices while decreased zyxin. There was a significant increase in CRP and MII but lymphocyte counts and CALLY index were reduced. Receiver operation characterization (ROC) curve analysis showed that zyxin and CALLY index were the most effective markers for diagnosing cardiovascular risk in T2DM.
CONCLUSION: Conclusions: T2DM is associated with significant cardiometabolic disturbances characterized by dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, immune imbalance, and structural protein alterations that increase cardiovascular risk. The significant elevation of MII in T2DM patients (p < 0.001), together with reduced zyxin and CALLY index levels, highlights enhanced metabolic and inflammatory stress contributing to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications. These findings support the potential use of MII, zyxin, and the CALLY index as simple and cost-effective biomarkers for early cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with T2DM.