Perioperative Management of the Patient with Diabetes Mellitus.

Perioperative evaluation and management of diabetes mellitus is vital to minimize adverse complications before, during, and after surgery. It requires a multidisciplinary approach including the surgery team, anesthesia, endocrinology or internal medicine, and other specialties as needed. This article will discuss the effects of surgery and anesthesia on blood glucose, preoperative evaluation of the person with diabetes, glycemic targets for surgery, adjustment of diabetes medications the day before surgery, in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative areas, management of blood glucose in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods, and management of hypoglycemia.