CRISPR-Based Gene Therapy for Brain Disease.

Neurological disorders are complex and often very challenging for patients. Many of these conditions result from mutations in genes that are essential for normal function. Most existing treatments only alleviate symptoms, highlighting the urgent need for more effective therapeutic strategies. In the current drug development landscape, gene therapy offers hope as a promising approach. Specifically, CRISPR-Cas9 technology enables precise gene editing across diverse cell types and organisms. An increasing number of research groups are investigating innovative therapies and the molecular mechanisms behind neurological diseases. This review highlights the use of CRISPR-based gene therapies for various brain diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, stroke, and brain tumors. It consistently recognizes significant challenges in clinical applications, including overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB), managing off-target effects, ensuring efficient delivery, and addressing immunogenicity and ethical concerns.