Interplay Between Periodontal Health and Renal Function in Terms of Severity of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontal disease (PD) represent significant global health burdens with an increasingly recognized, yet mechanistically complex, interrelationship. This review examines current literature from 2015 to 2025 on the association between dental health and renal function, with select foundational studies from 2008 to 2014 retained for mechanistic context and explicitly disclosed as such. We explored shared biological mechanisms, including systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired neutrophil function, and altered vitamin D metabolism, and identified a critical research gap regarding the definitive direction of causality. By synthesizing clinical data on biomarkers and management challenges, this review provides a direction for future longitudinal research aimed at clarifying the periodontal disease-CKD axis and supports the adoption of integrated dental-nephrological care models.