Effect of continuous positive airway pressure versus nasal cannula on late preterm and term infants with transient tachypnea of the newborn.

OBJECTIVE

To compare continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with nasal cannula (NC) as primary noninvasive respiratory therapy in hypoxic infants for transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN).

STUDY

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study of infants born at ≥34 weeks of gestation between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018.

RESULT: After adjusting for gestational age and birth weight, the maximum fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) was significantly lower in the CPAP group with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.76-0.96). Although nonsignificant, the CPAP group needed 32% fewer hours on oxygen with an IRR of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.38-1.22). The duration of respiratory support and the incidence of pneumothorax were similar between both groups.

CONCLUSION

Comparing CPAP with NC as initial noninvasive respiratory therapy for TTN, significantly lower maximum FiO2 was observed in the infants of CPAP group without increase in the incidence of pneumothorax.