Hematology, transfusion and cell therapy · 2026
Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections: A five-year multicentric study of 87,878 blood donors in the Mumbai region, India.
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Patil Yoganand Vishwasrao, Kesari Mrunal Vijay, V Kalaivanan, Jain Shilpa, Abhani Dina, Khobaragade Sagarika
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Blood transfusion is a critical component of modern medicine, yet the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections remains a significant challenge. Despite stringent screening protocols, infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus, and syphilis continue to pose risks. Understanding the seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections in blood donors is essential for improving transfusion safety and shaping public health strategies. The objective of this study is to evaluate transfusion-transmitted infection seroprevalence, analyze trends, and assess seropositivity by age, donation type, and co-infections over five years.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A five-year cross-sectional study (2020-2024) was conducted at three blood centers: Jagjivan Ram Hospital Blood Bank (Mumbai), Bloodline Charitable Blood Bank (Thane), and Sadguru Charitable Blood Centre (Navi Mumbai). The study assessed the prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections by screening 87,878 donor samples for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, and malaria using standardized diagnostic methods. Donor demographics, infection patterns, and regional variations were analyzed statistically.
RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections was 0.78%, with Hepatitis B being the most common infection (0.48%), followed by syphilis (0.144%), human immunodeficiency virus (0.078%), and hepatitis C (0.075%). No malaria cases were detected. Seropositivity was highest among younger donors (18-30 years) and predominant among males (97%). Mumbai recorded the highest seroprevalence, followed by Navi Mumbai and Thane. Co-infections were rare, with human immunodeficiency virus with syphilis being the most frequently observed combination.
CONCLUSION: This study identifies Hepatitis B as the most common transfusion-transmitted infection, followed by syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis C. This study emphasizes the need for better detection strategies, specifically the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay, and individual donor nucleic acid testing to improve blood safety. Transfusion-transmitted infection screening plays a vital role as a quality indicator for blood banks, driving method evaluation and improvements. Mumbai's structured referral system ensures seropositive donors receive counseling and treatment, reinforcing blood safety protocols.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A five-year cross-sectional study (2020-2024) was conducted at three blood centers: Jagjivan Ram Hospital Blood Bank (Mumbai), Bloodline Charitable Blood Bank (Thane), and Sadguru Charitable Blood Centre (Navi Mumbai). The study assessed the prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections by screening 87,878 donor samples for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, and malaria using standardized diagnostic methods. Donor demographics, infection patterns, and regional variations were analyzed statistically.
RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections was 0.78%, with Hepatitis B being the most common infection (0.48%), followed by syphilis (0.144%), human immunodeficiency virus (0.078%), and hepatitis C (0.075%). No malaria cases were detected. Seropositivity was highest among younger donors (18-30 years) and predominant among males (97%). Mumbai recorded the highest seroprevalence, followed by Navi Mumbai and Thane. Co-infections were rare, with human immunodeficiency virus with syphilis being the most frequently observed combination.
CONCLUSION: This study identifies Hepatitis B as the most common transfusion-transmitted infection, followed by syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis C. This study emphasizes the need for better detection strategies, specifically the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay, and individual donor nucleic acid testing to improve blood safety. Transfusion-transmitted infection screening plays a vital role as a quality indicator for blood banks, driving method evaluation and improvements. Mumbai's structured referral system ensures seropositive donors receive counseling and treatment, reinforcing blood safety protocols.