The effects of shoulder morphology on the distribution of shoulder pressure during load carriage.

To enhance the prevention of shoulder pressure injuries in various load-bearing populations, the effects of shoulder morphology on pressure distribution were investigated. In this study, 69 participants underwent three-dimensional scanning, and based on shoulder morphological characteristic indicators, they were classified into four shoulder types. From these, 28 participants were selected to have the pressure within shoulder regions measured using a pressure-sensing vest while carrying a backpack load equivalent to 15% of their body weight. The results indicated that variations in shoulder morphology significantly impact pressure distribution. The greater bumpiness of the shoulder surface contributed to pressure concentration at specific points, resulting in uneven pressure distribution. The enhanced fullness of the shoulder surface promoted even pressure dispersal across the area. This study provided a theoretical basis for developing more effective shoulder injury prevention and management strategies tailored to load-bearing populations with different shoulder types.