Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Surgical Resection in Young, Large Animal Model for the Study of Alternative Cardiovascular Patches.

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is a severe congenital heart defect (CHD) that requires surgical reconstruction soon after birth. Reconstructive surgery involves the implantation of synthetic cardiovascular patches to widen the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and repair defects in the septal wall. However, synthetic patches can cause complications for these patients later in life as they do not integrate or adapt in the tissue of a growing patient; a limitation that could be solved with the development of a patch fabricated from a degradable biomaterial. Unfortunately, the lack of appropriate pre-clinical models has hindered the development of novel patch materials. Currently, most studies use rodent models to study the efficacy of new patch materials; however, large animal models are necessary to develop realistically sized patches in a clinically relevant growing heart where gradients in diffusion and length scales for cell migration are more similar to the human. Here, we describe a novel method by which a Satinsky vascular clamp is used to isolate RVOT muscle for resection followed by implantation of a cardiovascular patch in an appropriately young, rapidly growing porcine model.