Violence against pregnant women in Brazil in 2009 and 2019.

This study analyzed the occurrence of physical, psychological, sexual, and financial violence against pregnant women reported in Brazil, and investigated the associated factors, such such as ethnicity, age group, and geographic regions. A cross-sectional design was employed, utilizing data from the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (SINAN) for the years 2009 (n = 1,261) and 2019 (n = 2,393). Binary logistic regression models were employed for statistical analysis. There was a decrease in the occurrence of physical and psychological violence, an increase in sexual violence, and stability in financial violence. Associated factors varied between the two years, with higher odds of violence among non-white pregnant women aged 21 to 35 and residents of the North, Northeast, South, and Southeast regions. The analysis highlights the role of ethno-racial and regional inequalities in the experience of violence during pregnancy. These findings point to the need for intersectoral, welcoming, and territorially sensitive public policies capable of recognizing the multiple vulnerabilities faced by pregnant women and strengthening the maternal health protection network.