[One hundred years of orthopedics in the Netherlands. X. Sports injuries].

Sports injuries result from frequently repeated similar movements performed with submaximal force. In practice the term is also used, incorrectly, for many other injuries sustained during, or even outside, the practising of sports. Running may lead to injuries of muscles (rupture, chronic compartment syndrome), of tendons (peritendinitis, tendinosis, partial rupture, insertion tendinitis), of bone (stress fracture) and of cartilage (athrosis). Jumping mostly puts the ankle at risk, especially of development of an anterior or posterior impingement syndrome. Throwing puts much strain on the shoulder muscles; possible problems are microruptures in the rotator cuff, avulsion of the glenoid rim, chronic tendinitis of the biceps tendon and entrapment of the suprascapular nerve. The main element of the treatment is rest. If symptoms persist, surgery may be considered. Previous diagnostic imaging may then be of value.