International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026
Epidemiology and safety challenges of major transfusion-transmitted pathogens in Cameroon: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
СтатьяСистематический обзорМетаанализНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Yop Kite Michel M, Koloko Brice L, Beack Bayengue Sandrine S, Embolo Enyegue Elisee L, Tandja Alphonse G, Malieuze Nanfah Megane D, Binam Nkot Verónica M, Bsadjo Tchamba Gertrude, Ngo Malabo Elodie T, Ekwe Priso Judith G L F, Kedy Koum Danielle C, Koanga Mogtomo Martin L, Kojom Foko Loick P
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) was designed to determine the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of major transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), to address this gap, and to propose solutions to the current identified blood transfusion-related challenges in Cameroon.
METHODS: Pooled estimates of TTI-related infection rates, that is, human immunodeficiency virus - HIV, hepatitis B/C viruses - HBV/HCV, and Treponema pallidum, were computed using random effects models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed, and methodological bias analysis was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools.
RESULTS: A total of 36 studies, spanning 72 datasets for ∼105,000 blood donations, were included. Most of them were conducted in family donors attending health facilities of three towns, viz. Yaoundé (51.4%), Douala (25.7%), and Bamenda (8.6%). The pooled proportion of TTIs was 15.4% (95% CI: 12.7-18.2%), and was significantly modulated by several variables (e.g., testing strategy, area). These pathogens could occur as coinfections at a pooled proportion of 1.5%, with HBV + HCV being the most prevalent (3.4%). Across studies, the risk for HIV and T. pallidum infection was consistently higher in family donors. Several challenges, including diagnostic inconsistencies (even within the same assay) and a lack of evidence data on determinants, residual risk, and the extent of occult hepatitis B infection, were identified, primarily due to the paucity and underreporting of data in certain regions.
CONCLUSIONS: The review outlines a significant burden of HIV, HBV, HCV, and T. pallidum in blood donors. High-quality studies are needed to fill these gaps to inform public health policymakers and assist the development and implementation of better blood safety strategies and services.
METHODS: Pooled estimates of TTI-related infection rates, that is, human immunodeficiency virus - HIV, hepatitis B/C viruses - HBV/HCV, and Treponema pallidum, were computed using random effects models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed, and methodological bias analysis was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools.
RESULTS: A total of 36 studies, spanning 72 datasets for ∼105,000 blood donations, were included. Most of them were conducted in family donors attending health facilities of three towns, viz. Yaoundé (51.4%), Douala (25.7%), and Bamenda (8.6%). The pooled proportion of TTIs was 15.4% (95% CI: 12.7-18.2%), and was significantly modulated by several variables (e.g., testing strategy, area). These pathogens could occur as coinfections at a pooled proportion of 1.5%, with HBV + HCV being the most prevalent (3.4%). Across studies, the risk for HIV and T. pallidum infection was consistently higher in family donors. Several challenges, including diagnostic inconsistencies (even within the same assay) and a lack of evidence data on determinants, residual risk, and the extent of occult hepatitis B infection, were identified, primarily due to the paucity and underreporting of data in certain regions.
CONCLUSIONS: The review outlines a significant burden of HIV, HBV, HCV, and T. pallidum in blood donors. High-quality studies are needed to fill these gaps to inform public health policymakers and assist the development and implementation of better blood safety strategies and services.