Journal of veterinary science · 2026
Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza detected in wild bird feces, Eastern Mongolia, 2024.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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An Se-Hee, Myagmarsuren Temuulen, Heo Gyeong-Beom, Jeong Hwanseok, Kang Yong-Myung, Dondog Urankhaich, Tsogbadrakh Unurjavkhlan, Lee Youn-Jeong, Tseren-Ochir Erdene-Ochir, Lee Kwang-Nyeong
Аннотация
IMPORTANCE: Despite ongoing intercontinental spread of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), surveillance data from Mongolia -- a critical junction between Central and East Asian migratory flyways -- remain scarce, leaving a gap in understanding how viruses move between northern breeding areas and southern wintering grounds.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to detect and genetically characterize HPAI viruses in wild bird populations in Mongolia and assess their relationship with viruses circulating in East Asia.
METHODS: Active surveillance was conducted at Ganga Lake, Mongolia, in October 2024. A total of 352 wild bird fecal samples were collected and tested for AIVs. Viral isolates were subtyped, whole-genome sequenced, and phylogenetically analyzed. Host species was identified using c oxidase I barcoding.
RESULTS: Sixteen AIVs were isolated, including one clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAI virus (M9-3) from whooper swan feces. Genomic analysis revealed M9-3 had > 99% similarity with Korean and Japanese H5N1 isolates reported in late 2024 and undergone recent reassortment and disseminated through migratory flyways.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This is the first detection of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 in Eastern Mongolia in a fecal sample during late autumn. These findings underscore Mongolia's importance as a sentinel location for interregional HPAI dissemination.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to detect and genetically characterize HPAI viruses in wild bird populations in Mongolia and assess their relationship with viruses circulating in East Asia.
METHODS: Active surveillance was conducted at Ganga Lake, Mongolia, in October 2024. A total of 352 wild bird fecal samples were collected and tested for AIVs. Viral isolates were subtyped, whole-genome sequenced, and phylogenetically analyzed. Host species was identified using c oxidase I barcoding.
RESULTS: Sixteen AIVs were isolated, including one clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAI virus (M9-3) from whooper swan feces. Genomic analysis revealed M9-3 had > 99% similarity with Korean and Japanese H5N1 isolates reported in late 2024 and undergone recent reassortment and disseminated through migratory flyways.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This is the first detection of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 in Eastern Mongolia in a fecal sample during late autumn. These findings underscore Mongolia's importance as a sentinel location for interregional HPAI dissemination.