Factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcome and psychological outcomes during re-pregnancy: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) leads to both huge psychological trauma and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the status of perceived uncertainty during re-pregnancy in patients with RSA and identify the associated factors of uncertainty.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study used a convenience sampling method to select pregnant women in the process of re-pregnancy with recurrent spontaneous abortion as subjects. Patients were recruited from a tertiary A-level hospital from June to November 2025. Data were collected using a self-designed general demographic questionnaire, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, the Simple Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Perceived Social Support from Family scale. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were employed to investigate factors associated with perceived uncertainty during re-pregnancy.

RESULTS

A total of 230 questionnaires were distributed, and 218 valid questionnaires were collected, with a recovery rate of 94.8%. The mean score of intolerance of uncertainty was (36.02 ± 10.76). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that education level, monthly family income, number of abortions, history of late-term miscarriage, history of assisted reproductive technology, social support from family, generalized anxiety disorder, and copying style were significant independent factors associated with the perception of uncertainty (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The level of perceived uncertainty during re-pregnancy in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion is at a moderate level. Medical staff should pay attention to the early identification of uncertainty in patients, enhance the psychological support for patients, and improve their mental health.