Duckweed Proteins in Neuro-Nutrition: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Relevance for Military and Extreme Environments.

Modern military performance increasingly depends on cognitive resilience and neurological health, making nutrition a strategic determinant of combat readiness. This review integrates nutritional neuroscience and military medicine to explore duckweed as a next-generation neuro-nutritional resource. Duckweed species possess protein content (25-45% dry weight) and a complete essential almost amino acid (EAA) profile that may contribute to pathways involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, neuroplasticity, and stress adaptation. Beyond amino acids, duckweed delivers neuroprotective compounds such as lutein, β-carotene, polyphenols, and vitamin B₁₂ (pseudo-cobalamins) that mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, and cognitive decline induced by fatigue or trauma. Its growth rate, minimal land and water requirements make it a sustainable, field-deployable protein source suitable for remote bases or disaster zones. This review synthesizes evidence on duckweed's biochemical composition, digestibility, and safety, highlighting its potential as a sustainable substitute for soy or Spirulina in military rations. The convergence of plant biotechnology, cognitive nutrition, and defense health positions duckweed as a strategic component of future military and space nutrition systems, supporting nutritional strategies relevant to brain health in demanding operational contexts.