Acta medica Philippina · 2026
Determinants of Catch-up Growth in Early Childhood: A Longitudinal Study.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Marjan Avliya Quratul, Dewi Sartika Ratu Ayu, Laksminingsih Endang, Retno Pudjiati Sri Redatin
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Growth failure in the first 1000 days of life can have a major impact on a child's health. Therefore, catching up on growth in early childhood is essential to prevent nutritional problems, especially stunting, as indicated by the height for age z-score (HAZ). Catch-up growth after a period of malnutrition in the first 1000 days of life can be measured as an improvement in linear growth using HAZ parameters.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the factors that influence catch-up growth in early childhood based on the HAZ.
METHODS: This three-year cohort study used two waves of secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS). Baseline data of the study were taken in 1997 when the children were 0 to 23 months old, then followed up in 2000 (at 3 to 5 years old). The study included 537 children aged 0 to 23 months in 1997. The dependent variable was catch-up growth. The independent variables were: children-related, parent-related, and household factors. We collected secondary data from the IFLS annual report book. Bivariate data analysis was performed using the Chi-squared test, while multivariate analysis was performed using multinomial logistic regression.
RESULTS: There were four groups in this study: not stunted (reference group), stunted catch-up, stunted non-catch-up, and late incident stunted. Bivariate analysis showed that catch-up growth, based on HAZ, was significantly influenced by birth weight (normal birth weight), head circumference (normal head circumference), maternal nutritional status (normal), and maternal height (p <0.05). After controlling for potentially confounding factors, sex (p = 0.003; 95% CI:1.43-5.93) and maternal nutritional status (p = 0.011; 95% CI:0.19-0.81) were the most influential factors on catch-up growth in early childhood.
CONCLUSION: Children with stunting and catch-up growth are more common among males, and poor maternal nutritional status was associated with stunting and failure to achieve catch-up growth. The determining factors for the late incident and stunted non-catch-up groups include head circumference, breastfeeding status, maternal height, and maternal nutritional status. The stunted non-catch-up group is also influenced by small gestational age (SGA). Therefore, it is important to regularly monitor the growth and development of children in early childhood.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the factors that influence catch-up growth in early childhood based on the HAZ.
METHODS: This three-year cohort study used two waves of secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS). Baseline data of the study were taken in 1997 when the children were 0 to 23 months old, then followed up in 2000 (at 3 to 5 years old). The study included 537 children aged 0 to 23 months in 1997. The dependent variable was catch-up growth. The independent variables were: children-related, parent-related, and household factors. We collected secondary data from the IFLS annual report book. Bivariate data analysis was performed using the Chi-squared test, while multivariate analysis was performed using multinomial logistic regression.
RESULTS: There were four groups in this study: not stunted (reference group), stunted catch-up, stunted non-catch-up, and late incident stunted. Bivariate analysis showed that catch-up growth, based on HAZ, was significantly influenced by birth weight (normal birth weight), head circumference (normal head circumference), maternal nutritional status (normal), and maternal height (p <0.05). After controlling for potentially confounding factors, sex (p = 0.003; 95% CI:1.43-5.93) and maternal nutritional status (p = 0.011; 95% CI:0.19-0.81) were the most influential factors on catch-up growth in early childhood.
CONCLUSION: Children with stunting and catch-up growth are more common among males, and poor maternal nutritional status was associated with stunting and failure to achieve catch-up growth. The determining factors for the late incident and stunted non-catch-up groups include head circumference, breastfeeding status, maternal height, and maternal nutritional status. The stunted non-catch-up group is also influenced by small gestational age (SGA). Therefore, it is important to regularly monitor the growth and development of children in early childhood.