[Gas poisoning: respiratory irritants and axphyxiants].

Inhalation exposure to harmful substances in the working as well as in general environment may induce serious health effects. The severity of gas poisoning is determined primarily by its physical and chemical characteristics, and the level and duration of exposure. Toxic effects from gas inhalation involve simple asphyxia, respiratory irritation, systemic toxicity, and a combination of these mechanisms. This article describes the characteristics, types of exposure and health effects of most common irritant and asphyxiant gases, including carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia.