First case report: near early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia with plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferation effectively treated with Venetoclax plus HAG regimen.

BACKGROUND

Near early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia represents a distinct subtype of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia characterized by specific immunophenotypic and molecular biological characteristics. Currently, no standardized treatment protocol exists.

METHODS

This study presents a case of near early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) characterized by plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferation, which manifested clinically through pancytopenia and generalized multiple rashes.

RESULTS

The patient underwent successful treatment with chemotherapy consisting of Venetoclax combined with HAG regimen administered for one cycle.

DISCUSSION: This case report provides preliminary evidence suggesting that the combination of Venetoclax with HAG (homoharringtonine, cytarabine, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) regimen may constitute an effective and tolerable therapeutic approach for patients with near ETP-ALL. However, these initial observations necessitate further validation through comprehensive clinical studies with larger sample sizes to definitively establish the treatment's efficacy and safety profile.