Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma as an Ocular Complication of Dengue Fever: A Comprehensive Review.

Dengue fever, a rapidly spreading global epidemic, ranks among the most frequently reported viral infections worldwide, typically presenting with systemic symptoms such as fever, headache, and rash. Although generally linked to systemic issues, dengue infection can also lead to uncommon ocular complications, such as acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG), which poses a threat to sight. This review focuses on the alterations in the anterior chamber angle and the subsequent development of glaucoma after dengue infection. Prompt and precise diagnosis, aided by essential diagnostic tools like intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, gonioscopy, and advanced imaging methods, is essential for effective management. The initial treatment typically includes osmotic agents, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and topical glaucoma medications, with Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) laser iridotomy being the definitive treatment option. The review emphasizes the importance of long-term monitoring to assess ocular outcomes and prevent relapse. While AACG occurrence in dengue patients is rare, healthcare providers in endemic areas must stay alert for ocular symptoms in dengue patients presenting with vision problems. Preventing irreversible vision loss demands increased vigilance, early diagnosis, and timely treatment. Additionally, the review advocates for more clinical research and the creation of refined diagnostic protocols to tackle this rare but severe complication.