The ankle joint: the evaluation and treatment of sprains.

Nurse practitioners in a variety of settings may frequently be called upon to examine a patient with an ankle sprain. These sprains are extremely common and are easily and successfully treated conservatively. However, a chronically unstable ankle may result if certain treatments are not instituted almost immediately after the injury. For the purpose of this article, the anatomy of the ankle and its examination are reviewed, including the ligaments injured with inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion injuries. Key studies and laxity tests are described. Principles of treatment are explained with mention of various treatments and products that can be easily used in any setting. Finally, preventive suggestions are made so that nurse practitioners can educate patients on how to avoid these annoying injuries.