Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2025
Gestational Diabetes in Migrants: Prevalence and Metabolic Profile During Pregnancy: A Retrospective Italian Cohort Study.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Citro Fabrizia, Placenza Natalia, Aragona Michele, Galleano Federico, Venturi Caterina, Battini Lorella, Marchetti Piero, Penno Giuseppe, Bianchi Cristina, Bertolotto Alessandra
Аннотация
AIMS: Migration flows have brought many women of childbearing age to Italy, some of whom are from ethnic groups at high risk for gestational diabetes (GDM). However, the extent of migration and its impact on the prevalence of GDM in Italy are little known.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed data from 4186 pregnant women (22% migrants) screened for GDM at the University Hospital of Pisa between 2014 and 2022. We compared GDM prevalence and risk factors between Italian and migrant women, and assessed metabolic profiles in those with GDM.
RESULTS: The proportion of migrant women increased from 8% in 2014 to 25% in 2022 (p < 0.001). Italian women were older (36 ± 5 vs. 32 ± 6, p < 0.001), while migrant women had higher pre-gestational BMI (24 [22-28] vs. 23 [21-26] kg/m2, p < 0.001) and more frequently a history of previous GDM (12% vs. 9%, p < 0.001). GDM prevalence was higher in migrants (47% vs. 37%, p < 0.001). Among GDM women, migrants had worse metabolic control (HbA1c 5.5% ± 2.5% vs. 5.2% ± 2.8%, p < 0.001), and more frequently required basal-bolus insulin therapy (6% vs. 3%, p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS: Nowadays, one in four pregnant women is a migrant. Tailored dietary interventions should be encouraged in this population due to the higher risk of GDM and worse metabolic control.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed data from 4186 pregnant women (22% migrants) screened for GDM at the University Hospital of Pisa between 2014 and 2022. We compared GDM prevalence and risk factors between Italian and migrant women, and assessed metabolic profiles in those with GDM.
RESULTS: The proportion of migrant women increased from 8% in 2014 to 25% in 2022 (p < 0.001). Italian women were older (36 ± 5 vs. 32 ± 6, p < 0.001), while migrant women had higher pre-gestational BMI (24 [22-28] vs. 23 [21-26] kg/m2, p < 0.001) and more frequently a history of previous GDM (12% vs. 9%, p < 0.001). GDM prevalence was higher in migrants (47% vs. 37%, p < 0.001). Among GDM women, migrants had worse metabolic control (HbA1c 5.5% ± 2.5% vs. 5.2% ± 2.8%, p < 0.001), and more frequently required basal-bolus insulin therapy (6% vs. 3%, p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS: Nowadays, one in four pregnant women is a migrant. Tailored dietary interventions should be encouraged in this population due to the higher risk of GDM and worse metabolic control.