Potential synergistic influence of magnesium and vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure reduction: a narrative review.

Hypertension remains a major public health concern globally due to its strong association with cardiovascular disease and related complications. Dietary modification is a critical strategy in both the prevention and management of elevated blood pressure. Magnesium supplementation is associated with a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure compared to placebo. In addition, vitamin D supplementation also shows potential in lowering both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, particularly among individuals with type 2 diabetes or are overweight/obese. This narrative review focuses on the evidence for a joint effect of magnesium and vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure. Information from randomized clinical trials using a comprehensive search of PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO trials registry to identify relevant studies on the topic of interest from the past 15 years was evaluated. This narrative review highlights the potential complementary and synergistic roles of magnesium and vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure, offering insights for clinical practice and future research on integrative approaches to cardiovascular health.