BMJ open · 2023
Country adoption of WHO 2019 guidance on HIV testing strategies and algorithms: a policy review across the WHO African region.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Fajardo Emmanuel, Lastrucci Céline, Bah Nayé, Mingiedi Casimir Manzengo, Ba Ndoungou Salla, Mosha Fausta, Lule Frank John, Paul Margaret Alia Samson, Hughes Lago, Barr-DiChiara Magdalena, Jamil Muhammad S, Sands Anita, Baggaley Rachel, Johnson Cheryl
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: In 2019, the WHO released guidelines on HIV testing service (HTS). We aim to assess the adoption of six of these recommendations on HIV testing strategies among African countries.
DESIGN: Policy review.
SETTING: 47 countries within the WHO African region.
PARTICIPANTS: National HTS policies from the WHO African region as of December 2021.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Uptake of WHO recommendations across national HTS policies including the standard three-test strategy; discontinuation of a tiebreaker test to rule in HIV infection; discontinuation of western blotting (WB) for HIV diagnosis; retesting prior to antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation and the use of dual HIV/syphilis rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in antenatal care. Country policy adoption was assessed on a continuum, based on varying levels of complete adoption.
RESULTS: National policies were reviewed for 96% (n=45/47) of countries in the WHO African region, 38% (n=18) were published before 2019 and 60% (n=28) adopted WHO guidance. Among countries that had not fully adopted WHO guidance, not yet adopting a three-test strategy was the most common reason for misalignment (45%, 21/47); of which 31% and 22% were in low-prevalence (<5%) and high-prevalence (≥5%) countries, respectively. Ten policies (21%) recommended the use of WB and 49% (n=23) recommended retesting before ART initiation. Dual HIV/syphilis RDTs were recommended in 45% (n=21/47) of policies.
CONCLUSIONS: Many countries in the African region have adopted WHO-recommended HIV testing strategies; however, efforts are still needed to fully adopt WHO guidance. Countries should accelerate their efforts to adopt and implement a three-test strategy, retesting prior to ART initiation and the use of dual HIV/syphilis RDTs.
DESIGN: Policy review.
SETTING: 47 countries within the WHO African region.
PARTICIPANTS: National HTS policies from the WHO African region as of December 2021.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Uptake of WHO recommendations across national HTS policies including the standard three-test strategy; discontinuation of a tiebreaker test to rule in HIV infection; discontinuation of western blotting (WB) for HIV diagnosis; retesting prior to antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation and the use of dual HIV/syphilis rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in antenatal care. Country policy adoption was assessed on a continuum, based on varying levels of complete adoption.
RESULTS: National policies were reviewed for 96% (n=45/47) of countries in the WHO African region, 38% (n=18) were published before 2019 and 60% (n=28) adopted WHO guidance. Among countries that had not fully adopted WHO guidance, not yet adopting a three-test strategy was the most common reason for misalignment (45%, 21/47); of which 31% and 22% were in low-prevalence (<5%) and high-prevalence (≥5%) countries, respectively. Ten policies (21%) recommended the use of WB and 49% (n=23) recommended retesting before ART initiation. Dual HIV/syphilis RDTs were recommended in 45% (n=21/47) of policies.
CONCLUSIONS: Many countries in the African region have adopted WHO-recommended HIV testing strategies; however, efforts are still needed to fully adopt WHO guidance. Countries should accelerate their efforts to adopt and implement a three-test strategy, retesting prior to ART initiation and the use of dual HIV/syphilis RDTs.