The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
Early pregnancy metabolomic signatures for child growth trajectories: a prospective metabolome-wide association study.
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Voong Clara, Ferrara Assiamira, Rosen Vollmar Ana K, Ngo Amanda L, Chehab Rana F, Susarla Sita Manasa, Barupal Dinesh K, Fiehn Oliver, Zhu Yeyi
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Suboptimal early-life growth trajectories are predictors of later cardiometabolic risk. Although mid- to late-pregnancy maternal metabolites have been linked to fetal and birth outcomes, the role of early pregnancy metabolomic profiles in child growth trajectories is underexplored.
OBJECTIVES: We examined associations between early pregnancy metabolites and child growth acceleration and deceleration from birth to age 1 and 2 y.
METHODS: Among 1152 mother-child dyads from the prospective Pregnancy Environment and Lifestyle Study, maternal untargeted metabolomics were measured by gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, reversed phase-, and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry using fasting serum collected at gestational weeks 10 to 13. Of this sample, 813 had child anthropometric data at age 1 y and 770 at age 2 y. Growth trajectories were defined by changes in weight-for-length z-scores from birth to age 1 or 2 y: growth acceleration [≥0.67 standard deviation (SD)], growth deceleration (≤-0.67 SD), extreme growth acceleration (≥1.34 SD), and extreme growth deceleration (≤-1.34 SD), with normal growth (-0.67 to 0.67 SD) as reference. Poisson regression examined associations between metabolites and child growth trajectories. Chemical enrichment analysis identified metabolite clusters associated with child growth trajectories, adjusted for false discovery rate (FDR).
RESULTS: A total of 431 annotated metabolites were identified. From birth to age 1 y, the polyunsaturated plasmalogen phosphatidylcholine (PC) cluster was associated with growth acceleration, whereas unsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were associated with growth deceleration (all FDR-corrected P < 0.05). Polyunsaturated plasmalogen PC and unsaturated PC clusters were associated with extreme growth acceleration from birth to 1 y, dicarboxylic acids with extreme growth acceleration from birth to 2 y, and branched-chain amino acids with extreme growth deceleration from birth to 2 y (all FDR-corrected P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Early pregnancy lipids are positively associated with early-life growth acceleration and extreme growth acceleration. Findings may provide insights into how early pregnancy metabolomic changes shape development.
OBJECTIVES: We examined associations between early pregnancy metabolites and child growth acceleration and deceleration from birth to age 1 and 2 y.
METHODS: Among 1152 mother-child dyads from the prospective Pregnancy Environment and Lifestyle Study, maternal untargeted metabolomics were measured by gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, reversed phase-, and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry using fasting serum collected at gestational weeks 10 to 13. Of this sample, 813 had child anthropometric data at age 1 y and 770 at age 2 y. Growth trajectories were defined by changes in weight-for-length z-scores from birth to age 1 or 2 y: growth acceleration [≥0.67 standard deviation (SD)], growth deceleration (≤-0.67 SD), extreme growth acceleration (≥1.34 SD), and extreme growth deceleration (≤-1.34 SD), with normal growth (-0.67 to 0.67 SD) as reference. Poisson regression examined associations between metabolites and child growth trajectories. Chemical enrichment analysis identified metabolite clusters associated with child growth trajectories, adjusted for false discovery rate (FDR).
RESULTS: A total of 431 annotated metabolites were identified. From birth to age 1 y, the polyunsaturated plasmalogen phosphatidylcholine (PC) cluster was associated with growth acceleration, whereas unsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were associated with growth deceleration (all FDR-corrected P < 0.05). Polyunsaturated plasmalogen PC and unsaturated PC clusters were associated with extreme growth acceleration from birth to 1 y, dicarboxylic acids with extreme growth acceleration from birth to 2 y, and branched-chain amino acids with extreme growth deceleration from birth to 2 y (all FDR-corrected P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Early pregnancy lipids are positively associated with early-life growth acceleration and extreme growth acceleration. Findings may provide insights into how early pregnancy metabolomic changes shape development.