Current developments in nutrition · 2026
Pilot Trial of Vachellia farnesiana Pod Polyphenol Extract: Feasibility, Acute Postprandial Glycemic Response, and Incretin Hormone Modulation in Healthy Adults.
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Cariño-Cervantes Yonatan Y, Guevara-Cruz Martha, Medina-Campos Omar Noel, Pedraza-Chaverri José, Castillo-Martínez Lilia, Ramírez Victoria, Montaño-Benavidez Sara, Martagón Alexandro J, Almeda-Valdes Paloma, Cisneros-Zevallos Luis, Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A, Delgadillo-Puga Claudia
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds with potential benefits for metabolic regulation, including glucose homeostasis. Vachellia farnesiana (VF) pods are rich in polyphenols, including quercetin, catechins, methyl gallate, prutin, and hydroxycinnamic acids; however, their clinical effects in humans remain underexplored.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and acute metabolic effects of a polyphenol-rich extract from VF pods in healthy adults, with emphasis on glycemic regulation and incretin hormone responses.
METHODS: A single-blind, randomized, controlled pilot trial was conducted in 60 healthy volunteers (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). Participants received a single oral dose of VF extract (1.2 mg/kg) or placebo (water) before a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Blood glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentrations were measured at multiple time points. Safety was assessed through clinical symptoms, hepatic and renal biomarkers, and urinary levels of kidney injury molecule-1.
RESULTS: VF extract was well tolerated, with no adverse clinical events or biochemical changes in liver and kidney function. Glycemic reduction during OGTT (P = 0.117), as well as GLP-1 (P = 0.288) and GIP (P = 0.085) concentrations, did not reach statistical significance. Insulin concentrations remained unchanged, suggesting that incretin enhancement is independent of insulin stimulation.
CONCLUSIONS: A single oral dose of VF polyphenol extract was safe for healthy individuals. In a predefined subsample (n = 10/group), incretin responses (GLP-1 and GIP) remained unchanged, suggesting that acute metabolic effects of VF are not mediated through incretin pathways. Although the extract produced only a modest effect on postprandial glycemia, this trial provides the first translational clinical evidence linking the ethnopharmacological use of VF with rigorously controlled human experimentation. These findings support its therapeutic promise in metabolic health, while underscoring the need for longer interventions, larger cohorts, and studies in individuals with impaired glucose regulation.This trial was registered at clinicaltrial.gov as NCT05802472 (https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/beta/studies/S000D2E700000124/protocol/protocolSummary).
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and acute metabolic effects of a polyphenol-rich extract from VF pods in healthy adults, with emphasis on glycemic regulation and incretin hormone responses.
METHODS: A single-blind, randomized, controlled pilot trial was conducted in 60 healthy volunteers (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). Participants received a single oral dose of VF extract (1.2 mg/kg) or placebo (water) before a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Blood glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentrations were measured at multiple time points. Safety was assessed through clinical symptoms, hepatic and renal biomarkers, and urinary levels of kidney injury molecule-1.
RESULTS: VF extract was well tolerated, with no adverse clinical events or biochemical changes in liver and kidney function. Glycemic reduction during OGTT (P = 0.117), as well as GLP-1 (P = 0.288) and GIP (P = 0.085) concentrations, did not reach statistical significance. Insulin concentrations remained unchanged, suggesting that incretin enhancement is independent of insulin stimulation.
CONCLUSIONS: A single oral dose of VF polyphenol extract was safe for healthy individuals. In a predefined subsample (n = 10/group), incretin responses (GLP-1 and GIP) remained unchanged, suggesting that acute metabolic effects of VF are not mediated through incretin pathways. Although the extract produced only a modest effect on postprandial glycemia, this trial provides the first translational clinical evidence linking the ethnopharmacological use of VF with rigorously controlled human experimentation. These findings support its therapeutic promise in metabolic health, while underscoring the need for longer interventions, larger cohorts, and studies in individuals with impaired glucose regulation.This trial was registered at clinicaltrial.gov as NCT05802472 (https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/beta/studies/S000D2E700000124/protocol/protocolSummary).