Current drug delivery · 2026
Therapeutic Potential of Protein-Based Polymers as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Tanko Auwal Ibrahim, Islam Md Rashedul, Afzal Muhammad, Rafeeq Misbahuddin, Murad Hussam Aly Sayed, Alzarea Sami I, Daoub Rabeea Mustafa Ali, Altayb Hisham N, Nadeem Muhammad Shahid, Kazmi Imran
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Protein-based polymeric nanocarriers are increasingly being investigated as biodegradable, biocompatible systems for drug and gene delivery. This review critically examines major protein-based polymeric nanocarriers and globular proteins, including casein, gelatin, gliadin, collagen, elastin, albumin, silk fibroin, lectins, legumin, ferritin, zein, virus-like particles, silk-like polypeptides, elastin-like polypeptides, and silk-elastin-like protein polymers.
METHODS: Relevant studies were identified from major scientific databases using search terms related to protein-based polymeric nanocarriers, drug delivery, protein nanoparticle, recombinant protein polymer, ferritin nanocages, and virus-like particles. Studies were considered if they discussed carrier design, formulation methods, physicochemical characterization, biological performance, clinical translation, patents, or recent developments in protein-based delivery systems.
RESULTS: Protein-based polymeric nanocarriers can be classified into five main structural classes: protein nanoparticles, protein micelles, protein nanocages, recombinant protein polymer assemblies, and protein-drug conjugate or fusion systems. Albumin-based nanoparticles remain the most clinically advanced platform, whereas ferritin nanocages and virus-like particles provide structurally defined systems for receptor-mediated targeting. Plant-derived proteins such as casein, zein, and gliadin form polymeric matrices relevant for oral delivery, whereas silk fibroin, collagen, gelatin, and recombinant protein polymers self-assemble into structures that support sustained, local, and stimulus-responsive delivery.
DISCUSSION: Despite their potential, protein-based polymeric nanocarriers face several challenges, including protein corona formation, immunogenicity, storage instability, batch variability, scale-up limitations, and regulatory uncertainty.
CONCLUSION: Future development should prioritize reproducible manufacturing, safer surface modification, improved stability, and rigorous evaluation of immune responses and translational feasibility.
METHODS: Relevant studies were identified from major scientific databases using search terms related to protein-based polymeric nanocarriers, drug delivery, protein nanoparticle, recombinant protein polymer, ferritin nanocages, and virus-like particles. Studies were considered if they discussed carrier design, formulation methods, physicochemical characterization, biological performance, clinical translation, patents, or recent developments in protein-based delivery systems.
RESULTS: Protein-based polymeric nanocarriers can be classified into five main structural classes: protein nanoparticles, protein micelles, protein nanocages, recombinant protein polymer assemblies, and protein-drug conjugate or fusion systems. Albumin-based nanoparticles remain the most clinically advanced platform, whereas ferritin nanocages and virus-like particles provide structurally defined systems for receptor-mediated targeting. Plant-derived proteins such as casein, zein, and gliadin form polymeric matrices relevant for oral delivery, whereas silk fibroin, collagen, gelatin, and recombinant protein polymers self-assemble into structures that support sustained, local, and stimulus-responsive delivery.
DISCUSSION: Despite their potential, protein-based polymeric nanocarriers face several challenges, including protein corona formation, immunogenicity, storage instability, batch variability, scale-up limitations, and regulatory uncertainty.
CONCLUSION: Future development should prioritize reproducible manufacturing, safer surface modification, improved stability, and rigorous evaluation of immune responses and translational feasibility.