Frontiers in medicine · 2024
Uremic sarcopenia: the role of intramuscular adipose tissue as a potential early identifier.
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Noce Annalisa, Ceravolo Maria Josè, Gualtieri Paola, Marrone Giulia, Romano Lorenzo, Shoshi Amir, Di Lauro Manuela, De Lorenzo Antonino
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia is a chronic pathological condition, first defined in 2010 and revised in 2018. The most recent definition of sarcopenia focuses mostly on "low muscle strength." A secondary form of sarcopenia is represented by uremic sarcopenia (US), a condition that characterizes end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. The intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) seems to impact negatively on muscle strength, as it would seem to replace muscle fibers with a non-contractile component. The study aims to compare body composition parameters-both standardized and innovative-related to the diagnosis of US in hemodialysis (HD) patients, stratified by sarcopenia diagnosis. Furthermore, the different indices of sarcopenia are compared in order to evaluate their predictive capacity.
METHODS: We analyzed 48 ESKD patients according to the sarcopenia diagnosis, obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Moreover, we assessed the presence of IMAT and calculated the sarcopenia index (SI).
RESULTS: For the study, the enrolled population was divided according to the sarcopenia diagnosis: no sarcopenic patients had higher transferrin (p = 0.03), total proteins (p = 0.04), and azotemia pre-dialysis (p = 0.05) values. On the contrary, atherogenic indices were lower in no sarcopenic patients. Moreover, we observed an indirect correlation between the SI and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (p = 0.00138, R 2 = 0.54). Finally, we calculated the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenia adjusted for IMAT. We showed a different prevalence between sarcopenia diagnosed with a standard index and an index adjusted for IMAT (p = 0.043). In conclusion, we believe that the most important result obtained is the indirect correlation between SI and PTH. These data corroborate the theories, in which PTH seems to play a central role in the cachexia genesis. Moreover, the SI adjusted for IMAT seems to be a more reliable parameter for the early identification of subjects at risk of developing US, allowing timely implementation of targeted therapeutic strategies.
METHODS: We analyzed 48 ESKD patients according to the sarcopenia diagnosis, obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Moreover, we assessed the presence of IMAT and calculated the sarcopenia index (SI).
RESULTS: For the study, the enrolled population was divided according to the sarcopenia diagnosis: no sarcopenic patients had higher transferrin (p = 0.03), total proteins (p = 0.04), and azotemia pre-dialysis (p = 0.05) values. On the contrary, atherogenic indices were lower in no sarcopenic patients. Moreover, we observed an indirect correlation between the SI and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (p = 0.00138, R 2 = 0.54). Finally, we calculated the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenia adjusted for IMAT. We showed a different prevalence between sarcopenia diagnosed with a standard index and an index adjusted for IMAT (p = 0.043). In conclusion, we believe that the most important result obtained is the indirect correlation between SI and PTH. These data corroborate the theories, in which PTH seems to play a central role in the cachexia genesis. Moreover, the SI adjusted for IMAT seems to be a more reliable parameter for the early identification of subjects at risk of developing US, allowing timely implementation of targeted therapeutic strategies.