PeerJ · 2026
Electrolyte imbalance markers and acid-base disturbances in Brazilian male runners during a 45-km mountain ultramarathon.
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Ribas Marcelo Romanovitch, Ribas Danieli Isabel Romanovitch, Badicu Georgian, Ferreira Samuel, Matta Marco Aurelio Telles, Legnani Elto, Ardigò Luca Paolo, Bassan Julio Cesar
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated electrolyte and acid-base alterations and their associations with performance in 40 Brazilian male runners during a 45-km mountain ultramarathon.
METHOD: The following parameters were assessed before and after the race: pH, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), glucose, carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), bicarbonate (HCO3), hematocrit and lactate.
RESULTS: Potassium levels decreased significantly across all performance groups (Fastest: p = 0.004; Moderate-Fast: p = 0.004; Moderate-Slow: p = 0.003; Slowest: p = 0.004), while lactate increased in the Fastest (p = 0.03), Moderate-Fast (p = 0.002), and Slowest (p = 0.03) groups. Sodium increased in the Moderate-Fast group (p = 0.005), whereas calcium decreased in the Slowest group (p = 0.005). Both pCO2 and HCO3 were significantly reduced across all groups (pCO2: p = 0.0003-0.0005; HCO3: p = 0.003-0.0004), and pH decreased in the Slowest group (p = 0.01). Between-group differences were observed between Fastest and Slowest for pH (p = 0.02), pCO2 (p = 0.001), and K+ (p < 0.001), and between Fastest and Moderate-Slow for Na+ (p = 0.03). Negative correlations were found between race time and post-race pH (R = -0.46), Ca2+ (R = -0.33), and Na+ (R = -0.31). In the Slowest group, Δ K2+ was strongly correlated with race time (R = -0.83; p = 0.003).
CONCLUSION: Performance in a 45-km mountain ultramarathon appears to be closely associated with the ability to preserve acid-base and electrolyte homeostasis, particularly regarding potassium, sodium, calcium and pH.
METHOD: The following parameters were assessed before and after the race: pH, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), glucose, carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), bicarbonate (HCO3), hematocrit and lactate.
RESULTS: Potassium levels decreased significantly across all performance groups (Fastest: p = 0.004; Moderate-Fast: p = 0.004; Moderate-Slow: p = 0.003; Slowest: p = 0.004), while lactate increased in the Fastest (p = 0.03), Moderate-Fast (p = 0.002), and Slowest (p = 0.03) groups. Sodium increased in the Moderate-Fast group (p = 0.005), whereas calcium decreased in the Slowest group (p = 0.005). Both pCO2 and HCO3 were significantly reduced across all groups (pCO2: p = 0.0003-0.0005; HCO3: p = 0.003-0.0004), and pH decreased in the Slowest group (p = 0.01). Between-group differences were observed between Fastest and Slowest for pH (p = 0.02), pCO2 (p = 0.001), and K+ (p < 0.001), and between Fastest and Moderate-Slow for Na+ (p = 0.03). Negative correlations were found between race time and post-race pH (R = -0.46), Ca2+ (R = -0.33), and Na+ (R = -0.31). In the Slowest group, Δ K2+ was strongly correlated with race time (R = -0.83; p = 0.003).
CONCLUSION: Performance in a 45-km mountain ultramarathon appears to be closely associated with the ability to preserve acid-base and electrolyte homeostasis, particularly regarding potassium, sodium, calcium and pH.