The impact of potential food allergen exposure on wound healing after malignant tumor surgery: immune tolerance alterations and clinical risk assessment.

Wound healing after malignant tumor surgery is a critical determinant of patient recovery, and the dynamic changes in the postoperative immune system may alter tolerance to food allergens, thereby influencing the healing process. This review aims to systematically explore the alterations in immune tolerance following malignancy surgery, investigate the effects of potential food allergen exposure on wound healing, and analyze associated clinical risks. By integrating recent findings from immunology, nutrition, and surgery, we propose that postoperative allergen exposure may impede normal wound healing through mechanisms such as activating inflammatory responses, delaying angiogenesis, and disrupting collagen deposition. Additionally, this article discusses strategies for identifying high-risk patients, clinical management recommendations, and future research directions, providing evidence-based guidance for clinical practice.