International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025
Exposure to ambient ozone and ovarian reserve in Chinese women of reproductive age.
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Shi Yadi, Yin Jie, Du Yifei, Cao Wangnan, Gong Yan, Sun Shengzhi
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Exposure to ambient ozone may be associated with a decline in ovarian reserve; however, epidemiological evidence remains limited. We aimed to estimate the association between ambient ozone exposure and ovarian reserve, and to identify critical exposure windows.
METHODS: We included 2815 women aged 20-45 years who attended an infertility clinic in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, between 2014 and 2022. We calculated average concentrations of ozone exposure according to the development of follicles (2-month, 4-month, 6- month) and 1-year period prior to measurement, using a satellite-based spatiotemporal model. Multivariate linear and Poisson regression models were used to assess associations between exposure to ambient ozone and ovarian reserve biomarkers, including antral follicle count (AFC), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and estradiol (E2). Stratified analyses were performed by age, body mass index (BMI), and education to evaluate potential effect modification.
RESULTS: Each 10 μg/m3 increase in ozone concentration during 4-month and 6-month were associated with a 0.88 % (95 % CI: 0.44 %, 1.32 %) and 0.85 % (95 % CI: 0.28 %, 1.43 %) decrease in AFC, respectively. The associations were stronger among women with middle school or lower, and those with BMI ≥24 kg/m2 during both the 4-month and 6-month exposure windows. We observed no associations between exposure to ambient ozone and AMH or E2.
CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to ambient ozone was associated with decreased ovarian reserve among adult women attending an infertility clinic in China. These findings suggest that exposure to ozone could serve as a potential environmental risk factor for diminished ovarian reserve.
METHODS: We included 2815 women aged 20-45 years who attended an infertility clinic in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, between 2014 and 2022. We calculated average concentrations of ozone exposure according to the development of follicles (2-month, 4-month, 6- month) and 1-year period prior to measurement, using a satellite-based spatiotemporal model. Multivariate linear and Poisson regression models were used to assess associations between exposure to ambient ozone and ovarian reserve biomarkers, including antral follicle count (AFC), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and estradiol (E2). Stratified analyses were performed by age, body mass index (BMI), and education to evaluate potential effect modification.
RESULTS: Each 10 μg/m3 increase in ozone concentration during 4-month and 6-month were associated with a 0.88 % (95 % CI: 0.44 %, 1.32 %) and 0.85 % (95 % CI: 0.28 %, 1.43 %) decrease in AFC, respectively. The associations were stronger among women with middle school or lower, and those with BMI ≥24 kg/m2 during both the 4-month and 6-month exposure windows. We observed no associations between exposure to ambient ozone and AMH or E2.
CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to ambient ozone was associated with decreased ovarian reserve among adult women attending an infertility clinic in China. These findings suggest that exposure to ozone could serve as a potential environmental risk factor for diminished ovarian reserve.