Influence of Physical Activity Interventions on Executive Functions for Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Although research has shown the benefit of physical activity (PA) on executive functions (EFs) in typically developing populations, the efficacy of such interventions among individuals with Down syndrome (DS) is less understood. Therefore, the aim of the review was to systematically examine the empirical literature on the influence of PA interventions on EF in individuals with DS. The search strategy identified 10 eligible articles, which were systematically reviewed following PRISMA guidelines. Relevant data (i.e., study characteristics and major findings) were charted, and risk of bias was assessed. Study findings indicate some positive effects of PA on the EF of individuals with DS, namely, inhibition and cognitive shifting. However, risk-of-bias assessment uncovered critical methodological issues that make results difficult to interpret. Taken together, results suggest that while PA interventions may be beneficial, more high-quality intervention studies are needed to further elucidate the potential impact on the EF of individuals with DS.