Hematological disruptions in HIV-positive individuals with cardiac arrhythmias: a focus on coagulation and inflammation - a narrative review.

HIV infection is linked to hematological disruptions, notably coagulation abnormalities and chronic inflammation, which contribute to the rising prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in this population. Elevated fibrinogen, factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor levels promote a hypercoagulable state, while cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α drive persistent inflammation. These factors interact to induce cardiac electrical remodeling, increasing susceptibility to arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Additionally, HIV-related inflammation accelerates atherosclerosis, further elevating cardiovascular risk. Some antiretroviral therapies exacerbate prothrombotic tendencies, underscoring the importance of close hematological monitoring. Recognizing and addressing these disruptions is essential for preventing arrhythmias and improving outcomes in HIV-positive individuals.