EBioMedicine · 2026
Effects of exercise and exercise timing on energy intake and appetite control: a randomised crossover trial in people with overweight or obesity with and without type 2 diabetes.
СтатьяРандомизированное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Launbo Natja Poder, Jalking Lea, Jensen Marie Møller, Beaulieu Kristine, Finlayson Graham, Blond Martin Bæk, Wiggers Astrid, Rungby Jørgen, Nilsson Malin, Wewer Albrechtsen Nicolai J, Gerstenberg Marina Kjærgaard, Pedersen Hanne Enghoff, Færch Kristine, Grunnet Louise Groth, Salling Jonas
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: This randomised crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05768958) examined how high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) vs. rest and time of day affect ad libitum energy intake, subjective appetite, and metabolic markers, and whether responses differ by type 2 diabetes (T2D) status.
METHODS: Fifty-eight adults with overweight/obesity (with and without T2D) completed four laboratory visits (HIIE or rest in the morning or late afternoon). Participants were randomised using a balanced incomplete block design; blinding was not feasible. The primary outcome was ad libitum energy intake; secondary outcomes included 24-h post-visit energy intake, subjective appetite, satiety quotient and metabolic markers (including glucose, insulin, ghrelin, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1, Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21), and Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15)).
FINDINGS: Energy intake was lower after HIIE than rest (-361 kJ (95% CI: -520: -202), p < 0.001) with no compensation over the next 24 h. Appetite ratings were lower after HIIE, accompanied by reduced ghrelin and increased FGF21 and GDF15. Time of day did not affect outcomes; however, only participants without T2D consumed less after morning than late afternoon HIIE. FGF21 and GDF15 increased after exercise compared to rest independent of time of day. GDF15 showed a significantly greater response and higher concentrations in participants with T2D. In participants with T2D, morning HIIE elicited higher FGF21 concentrations than late afternoon HIIE. Other time-of-day effects were minimal. No serious adverse events occurred.
INTERPRETATION: In conclusion, acute HIIE suppresses energy intake and elevates GDF15 and FGF21 in people with overweight/obesity, with modest timing effects that differ by diabetes status.
FUNDING: Novo Nordisk A/S.
METHODS: Fifty-eight adults with overweight/obesity (with and without T2D) completed four laboratory visits (HIIE or rest in the morning or late afternoon). Participants were randomised using a balanced incomplete block design; blinding was not feasible. The primary outcome was ad libitum energy intake; secondary outcomes included 24-h post-visit energy intake, subjective appetite, satiety quotient and metabolic markers (including glucose, insulin, ghrelin, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1, Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21), and Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15)).
FINDINGS: Energy intake was lower after HIIE than rest (-361 kJ (95% CI: -520: -202), p < 0.001) with no compensation over the next 24 h. Appetite ratings were lower after HIIE, accompanied by reduced ghrelin and increased FGF21 and GDF15. Time of day did not affect outcomes; however, only participants without T2D consumed less after morning than late afternoon HIIE. FGF21 and GDF15 increased after exercise compared to rest independent of time of day. GDF15 showed a significantly greater response and higher concentrations in participants with T2D. In participants with T2D, morning HIIE elicited higher FGF21 concentrations than late afternoon HIIE. Other time-of-day effects were minimal. No serious adverse events occurred.
INTERPRETATION: In conclusion, acute HIIE suppresses energy intake and elevates GDF15 and FGF21 in people with overweight/obesity, with modest timing effects that differ by diabetes status.
FUNDING: Novo Nordisk A/S.