Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-functionalized carboxymethyl chitin microspheres via irradiation-induced grafting for hemostasis and tissue repair in post-extraction sockets.

Tooth extraction is a common dental procedure often accompanied by local tissue damage and alveolar bone resorption. The integration of hemostatic and regenerative materials can significantly enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes following tooth extraction. Herein, we developed dual-functional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-functionalized carboxymethyl chitin microspheres (CMGP) via electron beam irradiation grafting. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that CMGP possessed good biocompatibility and biodegradability. These microspheres promoted blood coagulation through robust platelet activation capacity. Notably, in a rat artery puncture model, clotting time was reduced from 555 s to 55 s, while blood loss decreased from 617 mg to 21 mg. Moreover, CMGP microspheres significantly induced M2 polarization of macrophages, demonstrating potent tissue repair-promoting properties. Furthermore, the microspheres accelerated osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, which is critical for bone regeneration. Therefore, POSS-functionalized radiation-grafted carboxymethyl chitin microspheres CMGP represent a promising biomaterial platform for post-extraction socket management, enabling enhanced hemostasis and tissue repair.