Fetal growth retardation and pre-eclampsia.

In a series of 2434 patients with pre-eclampsia, the prevalence of fetal growth retardation was 8.7 per cent compared with 8.6 per cent in the total hospital population. The prevalence was increased in early-onset pre-eclampsia (18.2 per cent) (P less than 0.001) and reduced in late-onset pre-eclampsia (5.6 per cent) (P less than 0.001). In patients who later developed early-onset pre-eclampsia with fetal growth retardation, the prevalence of subnormal oestriol excretion was significantly increased (79.5 per cent) (P less than 0.001) as was the prevalence of hypoglycaemia (33.3 per cent) (P less than 0.001) suggesting that fetal growth retardation in these pregnancies preceded the clinical signs of pre-eclampsia. The prevalence of placental abruption (8.3 per cent) and the prevalence of perinatal deaths (28.7 per cent) were both significantly higher in pregnancies with early-onset pre-eclampsia and fetal growth retardation (P less than 0.001).