The R156R ERCC2 polymorphism as a risk factor of endometrial cancer.

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most frequent malignant neoplasm of female genitals and the fourth most frequent malignant neoplasm in Polish women, after breast, colorectal and lung cancer. Despite intensive research, EC aetiology remains unknown. The variability, perceived in DNA repair genes, may be of clinical importance for evaluation of the risk of occurrence of a given type of cancer, its prophylactics and therapy. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between gene polymorphism R156R (C to A, rs238406) of ERCC2 gene and modulation of the risk of endometrial cancer in Poland. Our research included 1360 patients with EC and 1320 healthy controls. The genotype analysis of ERCC2 gene polymorphism was performed using the PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In the presented study, a relationship was identified between R156R polymorphism of the ERCC2 gene and the incidence of endometrial cancer. An association was observed between EC occurrence and the presence of A/A genotype (odds ratio (OR) 9.71, 95 % Cl 7.53-12.50, p < .0001). A tendency for an increased risk of endometrial cancer was detected with the occurrence of A allele of ERCC2 polymorphism (OR = 5.95, 95 % Cl 5.23-6.78, p < .0001). A relationship was confirmed between R156R polymorphism and endometrial cancer progression, assessed by histological grades. On the basis of these results, we conclude that ERCC2 gene polymorphism R156R may be associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer.