Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
Glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and body composition of pregnant women personalized nutritional management based on pre-pregnancy BMI and percent body fat.
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Ding Zhen, Zhou Lingmei, Jin Kemei, Li Zhanfeng, Huang Yinfei, Cen Xia, Zou Jinghui
Аннотация
PURPOSE: To describe glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and body composition of pregnant women personalized nutritional management based on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (PBF).
METHODS: Pregnant women who registered for prenatal examinations at Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Center, between January 2021 and January 2022 were selected. They were randomly assigned to a control group (47 cases) and a management group (57 cases). According to the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test diagnostic criteria, the management group was further divided into a gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) group (28 cases) and a non-GDM group (29 cases). The control group received routine prenatal check-ups and follow-up management, including weight, uterine height, and abdominal circumference monitoring. The management group received personalized nutritional management guided by dynamic monitoring of body composition.
RESULTS: (1) Compared with the control group, women in the GDM management group had higher gestational age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and gestational weight gain (p < 0.01, 0.006, and 0.03, respectively). Their spontaneous delivery rate (35.71%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (80.85%; p = 0.002). (2) During the second trimester of pregnancy, in both the control and non-GDM groups, fasting, 1-h, and 2-h blood glucose levels were lower than those in the GDM group (p < 0.05). However, in the later stage of pregnancy, no significant differences were observed in blood glucose among the three groups. (3) Weight (p = 0.02), body fat mass (BMF), PBF, and visceral fat area (p < 0.01) were higher in the GDM group than in the non-GDM group.
CONCLUSION: (1) Personalized nutritional management may be effective for administrating gestational weight gain (GWG). It may also help control blood glucose during late pregnancy for women with GDM. (2) Increased early pregnancy weight, BMF, and PBF may be associated with a risk of developing GDM. (3) Body composition testing during early pregnancy could help identify individuals at high risk for GDM, for whom personalized nutritional management could be implemented early in their pregnancy.
METHODS: Pregnant women who registered for prenatal examinations at Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Center, between January 2021 and January 2022 were selected. They were randomly assigned to a control group (47 cases) and a management group (57 cases). According to the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test diagnostic criteria, the management group was further divided into a gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) group (28 cases) and a non-GDM group (29 cases). The control group received routine prenatal check-ups and follow-up management, including weight, uterine height, and abdominal circumference monitoring. The management group received personalized nutritional management guided by dynamic monitoring of body composition.
RESULTS: (1) Compared with the control group, women in the GDM management group had higher gestational age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and gestational weight gain (p < 0.01, 0.006, and 0.03, respectively). Their spontaneous delivery rate (35.71%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (80.85%; p = 0.002). (2) During the second trimester of pregnancy, in both the control and non-GDM groups, fasting, 1-h, and 2-h blood glucose levels were lower than those in the GDM group (p < 0.05). However, in the later stage of pregnancy, no significant differences were observed in blood glucose among the three groups. (3) Weight (p = 0.02), body fat mass (BMF), PBF, and visceral fat area (p < 0.01) were higher in the GDM group than in the non-GDM group.
CONCLUSION: (1) Personalized nutritional management may be effective for administrating gestational weight gain (GWG). It may also help control blood glucose during late pregnancy for women with GDM. (2) Increased early pregnancy weight, BMF, and PBF may be associated with a risk of developing GDM. (3) Body composition testing during early pregnancy could help identify individuals at high risk for GDM, for whom personalized nutritional management could be implemented early in their pregnancy.