Updates on Breast Cancer Screening and Special Considerations for Transgender Men and Women.

This article examines breast cancer in transgender patients. While breast cancer is the most common cancer in cisgender women, its incidence and risk differ in transgender and gender diverse people. Factors such as gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), surgical interventions, environmental factors, and genetic predispositions further modify this risk. Evidence suggests assigned male at birth transgender individuals have a higher risk than cisgender men but lower than cisgender women, while assigned female at birth transgender people retain risk if there is retention of chest tissue. Screening guidelines recommend tailoring protocols to sex assigned at birth, GAHT, and surgical history.