Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercises on Hemodialysis-Related Symptoms and Quality of Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

INTRODUCTION

Hemodialysis, the primary treatment for chronic kidney disease, prolongs life but is frequently accompanied by physical and psychological symptoms that impair quality of life. Progressive muscle relaxation exercises offer a novel non-pharmacological approach to symptom management. This study aimed to evaluate progressive muscle relaxation exercises on dialysis-related symptoms (primary outcome) and quality of life (secondary outcome) in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

METHODS

A randomized controlled pre-test-post-test study was conducted between May and September 2025 in two dialysis units in eastern Türkiye. Ninety-two hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 46) or a control group (n = 46). The intervention group received 24 sessions of progressive muscle relaxation exercises over 8 weeks, while the control group received routine care. Data were collected at baseline and after the intervention using the dialysis symptom index and the Short Form-36 quality-of-life scale.

FINDINGS: The groups were similar in baseline. After the intervention, the progressive muscle relaxation exercises group demonstrated a significant reduction in symptom burden, with mean dialysis symptom index scores decreasing from 29.4 ± 13.3 to 16.3 ± 6.77 (t = 7.21, p < 0.001). Short-Form-36 quality-of-life scores increased from 51.4 ± 9.83 to 65.8 ± 10.1 (t = 4.67, p < 0.001), with significant improvements in physical functioning, vitality, pain, general health, and mental well-being (p < 0.05).

DISCUSSION: Progressive muscle relaxation exercises reduced dialysis-related symptoms and improved quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Given its simplicity, non-invasive nature, and low cost, it may be used as a complementary intervention in routine hemodialysis care. Further research should examine long-term effects and broader clinical applicability.