Breast Cancer Incidence in Relation to Long-Term Low-Level Exposure to Air Pollution in the ELAPSE Pooled Cohort.
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Hvidtfeldt Ulla Arthur, Chen Jie, Rodopoulou Sophia, Strak Maciej, de Hoogh Kees, Andersen Zorana J, Bellander Tom, Brandt Jørgen, Fecht Daniela, Forastiere Francesco, Gulliver John, Hertel Ole, Hoffmann Barbara H, Katsouyanni Klea, Ketzel Matthias, Brynedal Boel, Leander Karin, Ljungman Petter L S, Magnusson Patrik K E, Nagel Gabriele, Pershagen Göran, Rizzuto Debora, Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine, Samoli Evangelia, So Rina, Stafoggia Massimo, Tjønneland Anne, Vermeulen Roel, Verschuren W M Monique, Weinmayr Gudrun, Wolf Kathrin, Zhang Jiawei, Zitt Emanuel, Brunekreef Bert, Hoek Gerard, Raaschou-Nielsen Ole
Аннотация
METHODS: We conducted a pooled analysis among six European cohorts (n = 199,719) on the association between long-term residential levels of ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particles (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and ozone in the warm season (O3) and breast cancer incidence in women. The selected cohorts represented the lower range of air pollutant concentrations in Europe. We applied Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders at the individual and area-level.
RESULTS: During 3,592,885 person-years of follow-up, we observed a total of 9,659 incident breast cancer cases. The results of the fully adjusted linear analyses showed a HR (95% confidence interval) of 1.03 (1.00-1.06) per 10 μg/m³ NO2, 1.06 (1.01-1.11) per 5 μg/m³ PM2.5, 1.03 (0.99-1.06) per 0.5 10-5 m-1 BC, and 0.98 (0.94-1.01) per 10 μg/m³ O3. The effect estimates were most pronounced in the group of middle-aged women (50-54 years) and among never smokers.
CONCLUSIONS: The results were in support of an association between especially PM2.5 and breast cancer.
IMPACT: The findings of this study suggest a role of exposure to NO2, PM2.5, and BC in development of breast cancer.