Traumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistula.

Seventy-five percent of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae result from high velocity head trauma. The most common symptom is a pulse synchronous bruit which usually becomes apparent when the patient regains his sensorium. The objective manifestations of such an arteriovenous fistula are characteristically localized to the ipsilateral orbit. A periorbital bruit and venous engorgement of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae are pathognomonic features. Bilateral carotid angiography confirms the diagnosis and determines which of several techniques might be used to obliterate the fistula. Occasionally the classic signs and symptoms may be delayed for days or weeks. Thus, the maxillofacial surgeon must be aware of this clinical entity to avoid untimely repair of facial fractures with potentially disastrous consequences.