Journal of affective disorders · 2025
Depressive symptoms moderate diurnal variation in response-inhibition-related neural activity among patients with depression: An EEG study.
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Zou Haowen, Bao Ciqing, Wang Xumiao, Zhang Qiaoyang, Chen Zhilu, Hua Lingling, Yan Rui, Veniero Domenica, Lu Qing, Yao Zhijian
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Impaired response inhibition represents a core cognitive deficit in depression, yet its potential diurnal fluctuations remain unexplored. While healthy populations exhibit synchrony effects (chronotype dependent time-of-day variations) in inhibitory control, whether such circadian modulation persists in depressive disorders is unknown.
METHODS: 73 patients with depressive episode (DEs) and 70 healthy controls (HCs) performed a visual Go/NoGo task during morning (08:30-10:00) and evening (18:30-20:00) electroencephalography (EEG) sessions. EEG data were analyzed using event-related potentials and event-related spectral perturbation. The Generalized Estimating Equation was used to test the Group × Time interaction and moderation effect between Time and chronotype, sleep quality, as well as severity of depressive symptoms. Bayesian factors (BF) were calculated to quantify evidence for null effects.
RESULTS: After controlling age, sex, education and medication, there was a significant Group × Time interaction effect (Wald χ2(1) = 5.346, p = 0.021). Post-hoc tests indicated that P3 amplitude was significantly lower in the DEs during the morning session compared to during the evening session (p = 0.042, Bonferroni correction). No significant effects were observed for Alpha and Beta oscillations (all p > 0.05, BF < 0.394). The diurnal variation of P3 amplitude was moderated by severity of depressive symptom (Wald χ2(1) = 5.945, p = 0.015), but not chronotype and sleep quality.
CONCLUSION: Depressive patients show a specific diurnal pattern of response-inhibition-related neural activity, moderated by severity of depressive symptoms. Future research assessing inhibitory control in depression must systematically account for the time of measurement.
METHODS: 73 patients with depressive episode (DEs) and 70 healthy controls (HCs) performed a visual Go/NoGo task during morning (08:30-10:00) and evening (18:30-20:00) electroencephalography (EEG) sessions. EEG data were analyzed using event-related potentials and event-related spectral perturbation. The Generalized Estimating Equation was used to test the Group × Time interaction and moderation effect between Time and chronotype, sleep quality, as well as severity of depressive symptoms. Bayesian factors (BF) were calculated to quantify evidence for null effects.
RESULTS: After controlling age, sex, education and medication, there was a significant Group × Time interaction effect (Wald χ2(1) = 5.346, p = 0.021). Post-hoc tests indicated that P3 amplitude was significantly lower in the DEs during the morning session compared to during the evening session (p = 0.042, Bonferroni correction). No significant effects were observed for Alpha and Beta oscillations (all p > 0.05, BF < 0.394). The diurnal variation of P3 amplitude was moderated by severity of depressive symptom (Wald χ2(1) = 5.945, p = 0.015), but not chronotype and sleep quality.
CONCLUSION: Depressive patients show a specific diurnal pattern of response-inhibition-related neural activity, moderated by severity of depressive symptoms. Future research assessing inhibitory control in depression must systematically account for the time of measurement.