Functional Application of Snake Venom Proteomics in In Vivo Antivenom Assessment.

Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is commonly employed as a decomplexing strategy in snake venom proteomics. The chromatographic fractions often contain relatively pure toxins that can be assessed functionally for toxicity level through the determination of their median lethal doses (LD50). Further, antivenom efficacy can be evaluated specifically against these venom fractions to understand the limitation of the antivenom as the treatment for snake envenomation. However, methods of toxicity assessment and antivenom evaluation vary across laboratories; hence there is a need to standardize the protocols and parameters, in particular those related to the neutralizing efficacy of antivenom. This chapter outlines the important in vivo techniques and data interpretation that can be applied in the functional study of snake venom proteomes.