Transcatheter brachial fistula creation for treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are thought to form as a result of exclusion of hepatic venous blood from part of the pulmonary circulation. Surgical arteriovenous (AV) fistula creation has demonstrated therapeutic potential to reverse PAVM formation. We sought to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of transcatheter AV fistula creation for this indication. Fluoroscopically guided puncture from the basilic vein into the brachial artery using a Brockenbrough needle and sharpened 0.014" wire created a tract between these vessels. After balloon dilation of the tract, a covered stent was deployed, resulting in a functioning brachial AV fistula. The procedure was technically successful, with no clinical complications at 4 months follow-up. Repeat diagnostic catheterization revealed marked improvement in systemic saturation and near-resolution of PAVMs in the pilot patient. This report suggests that transcatheter brachial arteriovenous fistula formation is technically feasible, and may be effective in managing PAVMs in select single-ventricle patients.