Knowledge Levels and Learning Needs in Dysphagia Management: Perspectives from Professional and Non-Professional Stakeholders in Five European Countries.

Background/Objectives: Dysphagia represents a significant global health concern with particularly high prevalence in specific clinical conditions, yet educational gaps persist among healthcare professionals and caregivers. This observational, cross-sectional quantitative study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current self-perceived knowledge and learning needs among stakeholders involved in dysphagia management. Methods: An international online survey was conducted in five European countries (Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Spain, and Turkey) with 463 participants: 297 professionals (healthcare and non-health specialists, educators, students) and 166 non-professionals (patients, family members, caregivers, interested individuals). Two structured questionnaires explored self-perceived knowledge, learning needs, relevancy of thematic areas, and preferred learning methods. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical comparisons. Results: Professionals reported higher self-perceived knowledge than non-professionals (p < 0.001), yet both groups expressed comparable needs for further education. Priority learning areas varied by respondent profile: "Identification & Treatment" was prioritized by both speech-language pathologists and healthcare specialists, as well as by non-professionals, while dietitian-nutritionists focused on "Diet & Nutrition" and "Food Preparation". Short-duration courses and visual, hands-on learning tools were preferred across groups. Conclusions: This study highlights a broad demand for dysphagia education among professionals and non-professionals. Tailored, technology-enhanced learning programs could bridge existing knowledge gaps, strengthen multidisciplinary collaboration, and support better daily management of dysphagia.