Paralysis in the left phrenic nerve after living-donor liver transplantation for biliary atresia with situs inversus.

A 7-month-old boy with biliary atresia accompanied by situs inversus and absent inferior vena cava (IVC) underwent living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Because a constriction in the recipient hepatic vein (HV) was detected during the preparation of the HV in LDLT, a dissection in the cranial direction and a total clamp of the suprahepatic IVC was performed, and the suprahepatic IVC and the graft HV were anastomosed end-to-end. Postoperatively, atelectasis in the left upper lobe and ventilator failure accompanied by an elevation of the left hemidiaphragm were observed and mechanical ventilation was repetitively required. Paralysis in the left phrenic nerve was diagnosed by chest radiograph and ultrasonography. In our patient, conservative treatment was administrated, because weaning him from mechanical ventilation was possible a few days after intubation and the ventilator function was expected to be improved with growth. The disease course was good, and he was discharged from the hospital at 78 days after LDLT. Complications of paralysis in the phrenic nerve after cadaveric liver transplantation have been reported to be high. Although using a conventional technique during the reconstruction of the HV may injure the phrenic nerve directly, use of the piggyback technique with preservation of the IVC is rare. Even if LDLT was undertaken, a dissection of the HV or a total clamp of the suprahepatic IVC as a conventional technique can directly injure the phrenic nerve. Therefore, a dissection of the HV or a total clamp of the suprahepatic IVC at the reconstruction of the HV in LDLT should be carefully performed, and the possibility of paralysis in the phrenic nerve should be considered in patients with a relapse of respiratory symptoms and an elevation of the hemidiaphragm after LDLT.