BMC infectious diseases · 2025
Impact of obesity on COVID-19 CoronaVac and ChAdOx1-S vaccine efficacy.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Cortez Márcio Valle, Martins Alex, Nascimento Joabi, Chui Fabíola Mendonça da Silva, Rodrigues Maria Gabriela Almeida, Bastos Talita, Lemos Sonia Maria, Honorato Eduardo, Gomes Erika, Abreu-Netto Rebeca Linhares, Fernandes Salete, Silva-Neto Alexandre Vilhena, Sachett André, Silva Bernardo Maia, Mouta Gabriel Santos, Cordeiro Jady Shayenne Mota, Baía-da-Silva Djane Clarys, Brito-Sousa Jose Diego, Pessoa Karina Pinheiro, Monteiro Wuelton, Naveca Felipe, Sampaio Vanderson, Almeida-Val Fernando, Melo Gisely, Mourão Maria Paula, Lacerda Marcus
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Obesity significantly increases the risk of severe COVID-19 and mortality. Concerns have emerged regarding the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in obese populations due to potential alterations in immune responses. METHODS: Between March 2021 and March 2022, 5,071 participants with comorbidities received CoronaVac administered in two doses 28 days (± 7 days) apart and a single subsequent booster dose of ChAdOx1 with an interval of 180 days (± 30 days). Body composition was analyzed using a tetrapolar bioimpedance measurement scale. Anti-RBD IgG was dosed at baseline (D0) and on days 28, 90, 180, 270, and 360. RESULTS: 1,181 participants with obesity (body fat percentage > P50), non-immune at baseline, showed significantly lower antibody titers (IgG anti-RBD) until D180 than 576 non-obese individuals. However, there was no difference in the frequency of COVID-19, COVID-19-related hospitalization or death. After the booster, no significant changes were seen. Patients with very excessive body fat (body fat percentage > P90) showed even slower seroconversion, with increased COVID-19 after D180. Similar results were observed using the routine body mass index (BMI); however, waning immunity (serology) was observed in individuals classified as having very excessive body fat only when bioimpedance was used. CONCLUSION: Participants with obesity demonstrated weaker and slower seroconversion, which worsened in higher body fat mass. Bioimpedance revealed quicker waning immunity, emphasizing its importance over BMI in assessing vaccine response.